## A.5 Exercises of permutation

1. Find the value of n

$$^{n-1}P_3:^{n+1}P_3=5:12$$

1. Find the value of n

$$4 \times ^nP_3 = 5 \times ^{n-1} P_3$$

How many different arrangements can you make by using any 3 items from n different items, without using the general formula and without using an item more than once? What if you can use one item multiple times?

How many words can be formed using the letters of the word EQUATION?

• Answer = 8! = 4.03210^{4}

Find the n(arrangements) of the words

1. committee
2. infinitesimal
3. proportion

How many arrangements can be made using the letters from the word COURAGE? What if the arrangements must contain a vowel in the beginning?

• $$4 \times 6!$$

Extra Problem 02

How many arrangements are possible using the words

• EYE
• CARAVAN?

There are (p+q) items, of which p items are homogeneous and q items are heterogeneous. How many arrangements are possible?

There are 10 letters, of which some are homogeneous while others are heterogeneous. The letters can be arranged in 30240 ways. How many homogeneous letters are there?

Let, $$m = \text{number of homogeneous items}$$

• n(arrangements) = 30240 = $$\frac {10!}{m!}$$
• $$m! = \frac{10!}{30240}=120$$
• m = 5

A library has 8 copies of one book, 3 copies of another two books each, 5 copies of another two books each and single copy of 10 books. In how many ways can they be arranged?

Total books = $$1 \times 8+3 \times 2+5 \times 2 + 8 \times 1 + 10$$ = 42

• n(arrangements) = $$\frac{42}{8!(3!)^2(5!)^2}$$

A man has one white, two red, and three green flags; how many different signals can he produce, each containing five flags and one above another?

Flags: W = 2, R = 2, G = 3, Total = 7

A man has one white, two red, and three green flags. How many different signals can he make, if he uses five flags, one above another?

How many different arragnements can be made using the letters of the word ENGINEERING? In how many of them do the three E’s stand together? In how many do the E’s stand first?

i
ii
iii

In how many ways can the letters of the word CHITTAGONG be arranged, so that all vowels are together?

• Vowels are like one single letter
• They can switch places between themselves
• Answer = $$\frac{8!}{2!2!} \times 3!=$$ 6.04810^{4}
• What about TECHNOLOGY, DEPRESSION?

In how many ways may 7 green, 4 blue, and 2 red counters be arranged in a row? How many arrangements will have two red counters side by side?

i
ii

Five Math books, three Physics books, and two Statistics books are to be arranged in a shelf. In how many ways can they be arranged, if books on same subject are put together?

• They are like 3 books.
• Books on individual subjects can still be arranged among themselves.
• $$3!5!3!2!=$$ 8640

Arrange the letters of the word ARRANGE so that two R’s are not together.

• n(total arrangements) - n(arrangements with T’s together)
• $$\frac{7!}{2!2!}-\frac{6!}{2!}=$$ 900

ENGINEERING (E’s together, first)

In how may are E’s together? In how many are they at the beginning?

Total letters: 11, N=3, G=2, I=2, E=3

Together

Consider 3 E’s one single letter

• $$\frac{9!}{3!2!2!}$$

Beginning

Placing 3 E’s at the beginning, we have 8 remaining positions.

 E E E Other Letters

BALLS APART

There are 7 red and 2 white balls. Arrange by keeping white balls apart.